The big picture
The final destination of US trade policy may be a little clearer, but a roughly six-fold increase in US tariffs on goods imports, to levels last seen in the 1930s, is likely to result in an appreciable slowing of the US and global economies.
We expect global growth to be in the range of 2.75-3 per cent this year and next. While major economies should avoid recession, this would represent the weakest rate of global growth in recent decades, outside of major recessions.
The most notable slowing is in the US, where growth is expected to halve this year to 1.4 per cent as higher tariffs suppress consumer spending and investment. The stagflationary nature of the shock is likely to mean the Federal Reserve remains cautious about cutting rates.
China’s economy is also likely to slow as the US tariffs weigh on exports and amid ongoing weakness in the country’s property sector. By contrast, euro zone economic growth should pick up modestly this year and next, helped by stronger consumer spending and a significant increase in spending by the German government. These factors should more than offset the impact of US tariffs.
In the UK, a strong start to 2025 is not expected to last. The underlying picture is notably softer than headline GDP might suggest, and we expect households to remain cautious in the face of a softer labour market and given the risk of further tax rises.
While inflation generally remains above target it has been heading lower. Nonetheless, the full impact of US tariffs has yet to be felt.
Figure 1: Aviva Investors’ global, advanced and emerging market growth projections (Q4 compared to a year earlier)
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
What this means for asset allocation
Equities
We remain bullish on equity markets. While high valuations, the threat of an AI bubble and the dangers posed by high levels of market concentration, all pose risks, there are plenty of upside risks too. We might be at the beginning of a new cycle for traditional manufacturing, aided by the increased spending on AI. If this proves true, equities could rise appreciably further next year.
While interest rates could begin to climb in the second half of 2026, so long as that is driven by stronger demand, and not a response to renewed inflation, it is unlikely to derail the rally in equities.
However, the market’s patience around vast AI-related capital expenditure might start to be tested later in 2026, without clearer evidence this investment is beginning to deliver a return.
Figure 2: Asset allocation – Equities
Note: The weights in the asset allocation table only apply to a model portfolio without mandate constraints. Our House View asset allocation provides a comprehensive and forward-looking framework for discussion among the investment teams.
For illustrative purposes only.
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
Government bonds
We enter 2026 with an overall neutral view on government bonds, but with an overarching bias for higher yields as the year progresses, supported by an expected rebound in economic growth and looser fiscal stances. US yields are seen drifting higher as growth recovers and risk premia rise amid persistent fiscal deficits. The appointment of a new chair of the Federal Reserve in May could inject volatility.
In Europe, economic growth has outstripped expectations, and fiscal stimulus is set to arrive next year. This points to higher yields and steeper yield curves. We don’t believe the European Central Bank will cut rates further.
The UK bond market looks to offer better value, given a sluggish economy and the possibility of deeper rate cuts than the market is pricing in.
Figure 3: Asset allocation – Government bonds
Note: The weights in the asset allocation table only apply to a model portfolio without mandate constraints. Our House View asset allocation provides a comprehensive and forward-looking framework for discussion among the investment teams.
For illustrative purposes only.
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
Credit
Corporate bonds look expensive given the meagre amount of additional yield currently on offer relative to government debt. We are concerned about large issuance from technology companies looking to finance AI-related capital expenditure, along with lease agreements, off-balance sheet vehicles, and other contingent liabilities.
This supply is not negligible, even relative to a market that boasts $10 trillion worth of bonds,and is likely to have an impact on it. We expect spreads to widen, even as companies in other sectors remain more disciplined.
Figure 4: Asset allocation – Credit
Note: The weights in the asset allocation table only apply to a model portfolio without mandate constraints. Our House View asset allocation provides a comprehensive and forward-looking framework for discussion among the investment teams.
For illustrative purposes only.
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
Private Markets
Private markets remain well positioned to navigate the macroeconomic economic environment. Their breadth and long-term nature means they are well-designed to capture long-term themes, including technology adoption and the energy transition. That said, the growth in some sectors, such as private credit, warrants some caution. The links to the broader financial system have deepened and there are pockets that could face challenges in the year ahead.
Three key investment themes
1. Growth rebound to end G10 rate cutting cycle
With inflation still above target, monetary policy easing looks to be drawing to a close. It is impossible to pinpoint when central banks will feel they have done enough, but as evidence of strengthening economic activity grows, we expect more will feel rates are now at neutral, and that further easing would be imprudent.
Should economic growth prove stronger than we expect, there is even the risk of hikes and some emerging countries’ central banks would be likely to lead the way. On the flip side, while it may seem unlikely, were problems to emerge in corporate bond markets or the AI boom to go bust, central banks would be expected to cut rates.
Figure 5: Central bank policy rates are landing in neutral territory.
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
2. AI investment cycle – Rapid expansion and increasing influence
The rapid increase in AI-related investment is feeding through into various data points, from individual company results to the US national accounts (see opposite).
We have highlighted previously how investment on this scale is likely to have much broader ramifications than many might expect. A growing number of companies, many not initially seen as beneficiaries of the investment cycle, have surprised investors in terms of the extent to which revenues are being boosted.
Given the broad nature and the sheer magnitude of the investment cycle, the tendency will be for the benefits to continue to spread more broadly down the supply chain and throughout the economy.
Figure 6: Impact of AI-related capex on US GDP Growth.
Note: "AI/Tech-related Capex" defined as the Software (IPP), IT Information Processing Equipment and Power and Communication Structure (data centres) categories within Private Non Residential Fixed Investment.
Source: Aviva Investors, Macrobond. Data as of December 1, 2025.
3. Geopolitics of trade: a temporary truce
While strains between the US and its main trading partners are not going to disappear, in most cases uneasy truces appear to have been reached. This does not apply to China and Russia however.
Selective decoupling of industries, and competitive confrontation, is the best way to describe the increasing tension between unresolvable world views. Resource nationalism is a key battlefield, with rare earths, and critical minerals more broadly, an Achilles heel for the global economy.
China dominates production and refining of these in almost all areas (see below), but is likewise vulnerable to the threat of US restrictions on various high-tech components. For now, as both sides race to insulate themselves, while ramping up their war machinery, proxy wars and territorial conflict, or attempts at soft power diplomacy such as the US decision to loan Argentina money, will be par for the course.
Figure 7: Critical minerals refining is dominated by China's technology, IP, and investment.
Source: IEA, data for 2024, or most recent year avaliable, as of May 2025.
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House View 2026 Outlook
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About the House View
The Aviva Investors House View document is a comprehensive compilation of views and analysis from the major investment teams.
The document is produced quarterly by our investment professionals and is overseen by the Investment Strategy team. We hold a House View Forum biannually at which the main issues and arguments are introduced, discussed and debated. The process by which the House View is constructed is a collaborative one – everyone will be aware of the main themes and key aspects of the outlook. All team members have the right to challenge and all are encouraged to do so. The aim is to ensure that all contributors are fully aware of the thoughts of everyone else and that a broad consensus can be reached across the teams on the main aspects of the report.
The House View document serves two main purposes. First, its preparation provides a comprehensive and forward-looking framework for discussion among the investment teams. Secondly, it allows us to share our thinking and explain the reasons for our economic views and investment decisions to those whom they affect.
Not everyone will agree with all assumptions made and all of the conclusions reached. No-one can predict the future perfectly. But the contents of this report represent the best collective judgement of Aviva Investors on the current and future investment environment.
House View contributors
Michael Grady
Head of Investment Strategy and Chief Economist
David Nowakowski
Senior Strategist, Multi-asset & Macro
Joao Toniato
Head of Global Equity Strategy
Vasileios Gkionakis
Senior Economist and Strategist
Nick Fisher
Director, Research, Private Markets
Alex Scholefield
Multi-Asset Strategist
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